Overview
Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition where the lining of the uterus (endometrium) becomes abnormally thickened,
often
due to an imbalance between oestrogen and progesterone hormones.
This condition can result from prolonged exposure to oestrogen without the counteracting effects of progesterone.
In some cases, endometrial hyperplasia can lead to uterine cancer, though most cases are benign and treatable.
The condition is more common in women with hormonal imbalances, such as those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
or
those who are peri- or post-menopausal.
Symptoms
The most common symptom of endometrial hyperplasia is abnormal uterine bleeding, which may include heavy, irregular
or
prolonged menstrual periods.
Women may also experience bleeding between periods or after menopause. In some cases, there are no noticeable
symptoms,
and the condition is found incidentally during routine gynaecological exams or imaging tests.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia typically involves a pelvic examination, ultrasound and biopsy. An ultrasound
can
help assess the thickness of the endometrial lining.
An endometrial biopsy is often performed to obtain tissue samples for examination, which helps determine the
presence
and type of hyperplasia, as well as any precancerous changes.
Treatment
Treatment for endometrial hyperplasia depends on the severity and risk of progression to cancer. For mild cases,
progestin therapy (oral or intrauterine) may be prescribed to balance oestrogen levels and reduce endometrial
growth.
In more severe or atypical cases, hysterectomy surgical removal of the uterus) may be recommended, particularly if
there
is a high risk of cancer.
Hormonal therapy and regular follow-up are essential to monitor for recurrence or progression.
