Henoch-Schönlein Purpura at Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP), also known as IgA vasculitis, is the most prevalent form of vasculitis in children. This condition is characterized by inflammation of small blood vessels and can affect multiple organs, including the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys. At Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC), the Division of Pediatric Rheumatology specializes in diagnosing and managing HSP to ensure optimal care for affected children.
What is Henoch-Schönlein Purpura?
HSP primarily manifests through a distinctive
purpuric rash, typically appearing on the lower extremities and buttocks. This rash results from bleeding under the skin due to the inflammation of blood vessels. Other common symptoms include:
- Joint Pain: Often presenting as arthritis or arthralgia.
- Abdominal Pain: This can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and may be associated with gastrointestinal bleeding.
- Kidney Involvement: Symptoms may include hematuria (blood in urine) and proteinuria (excess protein in urine), which can lead to nephritis.
Incidence and Demographics
HSP predominantly affects children aged
2 to 6 years, with an incidence rate of approximately
20 cases per 100,000 children. While most cases resolve spontaneously without treatment, some children may experience recurrent symptoms or complications that require medical intervention.
Diagnosis and Evaluation
Diagnosing HSP involves a thorough clinical evaluation, focusing on the presence of the characteristic rash along with other symptoms. Essential diagnostic procedures include:
- Urinalysis: To check for blood and protein in the urine.
- Blood Pressure Monitoring: Essential for identifying potential kidney involvement.
- Clinical History Review: Understanding the child's overall health and any previous episodes of similar symptoms.
Treatment Approaches
Treatment for Henoch-Schönlein Purpura at SSMC is tailored to the severity of the condition and may include:
- Supportive Care: Ensuring adequate hydration and nutrition.
- Pain Management: Using medications such as acetaminophen for joint pain.
- Glucocorticoids: Administered to reduce inflammation in more severe cases.
- Specialist Referral: Children with significant kidney involvement may be referred to pediatric nephrologists for further management.
Follow-Up Care
Ongoing monitoring is crucial for children diagnosed with HSP, particularly during the first six months post-diagnosis. Regular follow-ups typically involve:
- Blood Pressure Checks: To monitor for hypertension, a potential indicator of kidney issues.
- Urine Tests: To assess kidney function and detect any signs of nephritis.
Prognosis
The prognosis for most children with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura is generally positive, with many recovering completely without long-term consequences. However, approximately one-third of patients may experience recurrent symptoms within a year of diagnosis.
Why choose SSMC?
The Division of Pediatric Rheumatology at Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City is dedicated to providing comprehensive care for children with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura. Through early diagnosis, tailored treatment plans, and diligent follow-up care, we aim to ensure the best outcomes for our young patients facing this condition. For further information or to schedule an appointment, please contact our pediatric rheumatology department.
