Overview
Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are minimally invasive procedures used to treat vertebral compression fractures,
typically caused by osteoporosis, trauma or cancer.
Both procedures involve the injection of a special bone cement into the fractured vertebra to stabilise it and
relieve
pain.
Kyphoplasty is a variation that includes the added step of inflating a balloon to restore the vertebra's height
before
the cement is injected. These procedures are aimed at improving mobility, reducing pain and preventing further
spinal
deformities.
Symptoms
The primary symptom treated by vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty is severe back pain resulting from a compression
fracture
in the spine. This pain is typically sudden, sharp and worsens with movement.
Other symptoms may include limited mobility, difficulty standing or walking, and a visible curvature of the spine
(kyphosis).
In some cases, fractures caused by tumours can also result in neurological symptoms, such as numbness or weakness.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging. X-rays or MRI scans are used
to
identify the location and severity of the vertebral fracture. A CT scan may also be performed to assess the fracture
in
more detail and rule out underlying conditions like tumours or infections.
The severity of pain and functional limitations also help determine if vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty is appropriate.
Treatment
Both vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are performed under local anaesthesia with sedation.
Both procedures are effective in reducing pain and improving function, with most patients experiencing immediate
relief.
Follow-up care includes monitoring for potential complications, such as cement leakage or new fractures.
