Vaccination and Prevention: Protecting Against Hepatitis A and B

Hepatitis A and B are serious viral infections that affect the liver and can lead to significant health complications if left untreated. ​

Fortunately, both types are preventable through safe and effective vaccines. Understanding how these infections spread, and the importance of immunisation can help reduce theglobal burden of hepatitis, protecting communities from long-term liver disease.​

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What Is Hepatitis?​

Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by viral infections. Hepatitis A is typically spread through ingestion of contaminated food or water, while hepatitis Bis transmitted through contact with infected blood or from mother-to-child during childbirth.​

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The Impact of Hepatitis A and B​

• Hepatitis A often causes acute, short-term illness. While most people recover fully, it can lead to severe symptoms and hospitalisation, especially in older adults or those with pre-existing liver conditions.​
• Hepatitis B can be presented as an acute or chronic condition. Chronic hepatitis B can lead to liver failure or liver cancer, if not managed properly. Many people with hepatitis Bmay be unaware of their infection, increasing the risk of unknowingly spreading the virus.​

The Role of Vaccination​

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis A and B infections.​

• Hepatitis A Vaccine: Given as a two-dose series, this vaccine provides long-term protection and is recommended for children, international travelers, healthcare workers, andindividuals with chronic liver disease.​
• Hepatitis B Vaccine: Typically administered as a three-dose series, this vaccine is included in routine childhood immunisations and is also essential for adults at higher risk, suchas people with diabetes.​

Who Should Get Vaccinated?​

• All infants and unvaccinated children​
• Adults are at risk of infection due to lifestyle, occupation, or medical conditions​
• Travelers to regions where hepatitis A or B are common​
• Household members of individuals with chronic hepatitis B​
• Individuals with chronic liver disease or compromised immune systems​

The Importance of Timely Action​

World Hepatitis Day serves as a reminder that hepatitis A and B are both preventable with timely vaccination and informed lifestyle choices. By increasing awareness and encouragingroutine immunisation, communities can take powerful steps toward eliminating the transmission of these infections. ​