Overview
Eating disorders are serious mental health conditions that involve abnormal eating habits, which can have
significant
physical and psychological consequences.
These disorders are particularly prevalent among adolescents, though they can affect individuals of all ages.
The most common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. While the
causes
of eating disorders are multifactorial—encompassing genetic, environmental, psychological and societal
influences—they
often arise during periods of significant emotional or social stress, such as adolescence.
Symptoms
General signs of eating disorders include:
- Preoccupation with food, dieting, body image or weight
- Social withdrawal or isolation
- Mood swings, irritability, anxiety or depression
- Physical signs of malnutrition (e.g., weakness, cold intolerance, poor skin health)
Diagnosis
Diagnosing an eating disorder involves a comprehensive evaluation that includes medical history, a physical
examination
and psychological assessment. A doctor will review eating behaviours, weight changes and any related emotional
symptoms.
Physical signs of malnutrition or dehydration are assessed, and blood tests may be used to check for nutritional
deficiencies or imbalances.
Psychological evaluations help identify underlying mental health conditions, such as anxiety or depression, which
often
coexist with eating disorders. In some cases, imaging studies or bone density scans may be used to detect
complications
like osteoporosis.
Treatment
Treatment for eating disorders is typically multifaceted, combining medical, nutritional and psychological
interventions.
Psychotherapy is a key component, with Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) being the most effective for addressing
unhealthy eating patterns and body image issues.
Family-Based Therapy (FBT) is often used for adolescents, involving family support in the recovery process.
Nutritional
counselling helps individuals restore healthy eating habits and manage any food-related anxiety.
In cases of severe malnutrition or physical complications, medical intervention may be needed to stabilise the
individual. Hospitalisation may be required for monitoring, especially for electrolyte imbalances or dehydration.
Medications, such as antidepressants, may be prescribed if the patient has an underlying mental health condition,
such
as depression or anxiety.
Supportive care plays a crucial role in recovery, including support groups or group therapy to provide peer support
and
shared experiences.
