Overview
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare condition, characterised by the presence of a fibrous tissue mass in the
retroperitoneal space (area behind the abdominal cavity), which can lead to the obstruction of the ureters and other
structures.
It is believed to be caused by an inflammatory reaction, and may be idiopathic, or secondary to conditions such as
infections or cancers.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include:
- Abdominal or flank pain
- Weight loss
- Nausea and vomiting
- Changes in urinary habits (e.g., frequent urination or difficulty urinating)
- Swelling in the legs
In some cases, individuals may be asymptomatic and only diagnosed during imaging studies for other conditions.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Imaging studies such as CT scans or MRI to visualise the fibrous tissue
- Blood tests to assess kidney function and rule out other possible causes
- In some cases, a biopsy can be performed, to confirm the nature of the tissue and exclude malignancy
Treatment
Treatment options include medications such as corticosteroids to help to reduce inflammation. Surgical interventions
may
be necessary to relieve obstruction of the ureters or to remove the fibrous tissue.
In less severe cases, a watchful waiting approach may be adopted, with regular follow-ups to monitor the condition.
