Overview
Scleroderma, also known as systemic sclerosis, is a chronic autoimmune condition characterised by the hardening and
tightening of the skin and connective tissues.
It results from an overproduction of collagen, leading to fibrosis (scarring) in various organs.
Scleroderma can be localised (affecting only the skin) or systemic (affecting multiple organs), and its severity
varies
widely among individuals.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of scleroderma may include:
- Thickened, tight or shiny skin, particularly on the hands and face
- Raynaud's phenomenon (colour changes in fingers and toes in response to cold or stress)
- Swelling and stiffness of joints
- Digestive issues (e.g., acid reflux or difficulty swallowing)
- Shortness of breath or lung problems
- Kidney issues
- High blood pressure
- Fatigue and general malaise
Diagnosis
A medical history and physical examination are usually performed to assess symptoms, examine the skin and other
affected
areas.
Blood tests and other tests such as X-rays, echocardiograms or pulmonary function tests may be performed to evaluate
organ involvement.
In some cases, a skin sample may be taken to assess changes indicative of scleroderma.
Treatment
Scleroderma management requires a multidisciplinary approach due to its potential to affect multiple systems in the
body.
Close monitoring and tailored treatment plans are essential for improving quality of life and patient outcomes.
Treatment approaches include medications to manage inflammation, physiotherapy to maintain joint function and
mobility,
and lifestyle modifications such as implementing skincare routines, dietary changes and smoking cessation.
