Overview
Severe burns are injuries to the skin and underlying tissues caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation.
In children, burns can be particularly dangerous due to their smaller body size, higher risk of fluid loss and
unique
physiological response.
Severe burns can affect multiple layers of skin and organs, leading to serious complications such as infection,
dehydration and shock.
Immediate, specialised care is essential to minimise damage, alleviate pain and support recovery.
Symptoms
Symptoms of severe burns can vary depending on the type and extent of the injury but typically include:
- Severe pain and tenderness at the site of the burn
- Red, blistered or charred skin
- Swelling around the burned area
- Difficulty breathing if the airway is affected by smoke or heat
- Changes in heart rate or blood pressure (signs of shock)
- Infection signs (e.g., fever, pus) in the days following the burn
- Confusion or altered mental state (in severe cases)
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of severe burns involves assessing the extent of the burn injury and the depth of damage to
the skin and
underlying issues. The diagnostic approach typically includes:
- Medical history: A review of how the burn occurred, the cause and the medical background.
- Physical examination: Detailed assessment of the burn’s severity, including the depth and size.
- Blood tests: To check for signs of infection, organ function or fluid imbalance.
- Imaging tests: In severe cases, imaging may be used to assess for internal injuries or fractures
associated with
burns
Treatment
Treatment for severe burns focuses on pain management, infection prevention, fluid balance and promoting
healing.
Key
approaches include:
- First aid
- Emergency care
- Wound care
- Surgical intervention
- Infection prevention
- Rehabilitationv
