Overview
Feeding intolerance refers to the difficulty or inability of the digestive system to tolerate or properly digest
food or
feeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
This condition is most commonly observed in infants, particularly those who are premature or have medical conditions
affecting digestion.
Feeding intolerance is distinct from food allergies or intolerances, as it often involves more immediate,
physiological
reactions to feeding rather than an immune-mediated response.
Symptoms
Symptoms of feeding intolerance in infants and children include:
- Vomiting or regurgitation
- Abdominal distention or bloating
- Excessive gas or burping
- Crying or irritability after feeding
- Poor weight gain or growth failure
- Diarrhoea or constipation
- Signs of discomfort such as pulling legs to the belly
- Feeding refusal or difficulty feeding
Diagnosis
The doctor will review the individual’s feeding patterns, any gastrointestinal issues and symptom progression. A
physical exam will assess for signs of malnutrition, dehydration or discomfort.
Feeding techniques will also be monitored, as well as food types and feeding intervals. In infants, a trial of
different
formulas or adjusted feeding patterns may help to identify triggers.
Stool tests may be used to check for infections, blood or malabsorption. Blood tests help rule out underlying
metabolic
or systemic conditions. Abdominal X-rays or ultrasounds may be performed to check for structural abnormalities or
signs
of bowel obstruction or severe constipation.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms. It generally involves dietary adjustments,
changes
to feeding techniques, use of probiotics and medications to manage specific symptoms.
Dietary adjustments are essential for infants, such as switching to a different formula, such as lactose-free or
hypoallergenic options, can help resolve symptoms. Breastfeeding mothers may need to eliminate certain foods like
dairy
or caffeine.
Feeding techniques can reduce stress on the digestive system. Feeding smaller, more frequent meals and ensuring
proper
latch and positioning in infants can alleviate discomfort. Additionally, probiotics may help restore gut balance and
improve digestion, especially for bloating or gas.
Medications can also support treatment, helping with reflux and motility issues. Anti-gas medications or
antispasmodics
may relieve abdominal discomfort. Ensuring adequate hydration and electrolyte balance is critical, particularly if
diarrhoea or vomiting is present.
For infants, breastfeeding support and gradual introduction of foods can also help manage intolerance and identify
triggers. If feeding intolerance is linked to an underlying condition, such as lactose intolerance or Celiac
disease,
treatment will focus on managing that condition.
