Overview
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare and aggressive cancer that forms in the bile ducts, which are responsible for
carrying bile from the liver to the small intestine.
This type of cancer can develop anywhere along the bile ducts, either inside the liver (intrahepatic) or outside the
liver (extrahepatic).
CCA is often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to its subtle early symptoms, making it challenging to treat.
Symptoms
The symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma vary depending on the location and stage of the tumour but may include:
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Abdominal pain, especially in the upper right side
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Itchy skin
- Dark urine and light-coloured stools
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever, in some cases, particularly if infection develops due to bile duct obstruction
Diagnosis
Diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma typically involves a combination of the following:
- A medical history and physical examination to assess symptoms and risk factors
- Blood tests, including liver function tests
- Imaging tests
- Biopsy
Treatment
Treatment options depend on the tumour’s location, size and stage.
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or immunotherapy along with palliative care are the most common treatment
options.
